When it comes to billing for therapeutic exercise, no CPT code is more central to physical therapy practices than 97110. Used in a wide range of clinical settings, CPT code 97110 allows therapists to get reimbursed for individualized, one-on-one therapeutic exercises aimed at improving strength, endurance, flexibility, and range of motion. But to use this code effectively and ensure compliance, it’s crucial to understand its proper application, documentation, and billing strategies.
This guide covers everything physical therapy professionals and practice owners need to know about 97110 CPT code use, documentation requirements, modifiers, and how to simplify the process with smarter practice management tools.
The 97110 CPT code description is as follows:
"Therapeutic procedure, one or more areas, each 15 minutes; therapeutic exercises to develop strength, endurance, range of motion and flexibility."
This means any therapeutic activity that focuses on improving a patient’s physical capacities through prescribed, targeted exercises qualifies for 97110 billing—provided it's done with direct, one-on-one contact.
Examples of qualifying exercises include:
The 97110 CPT code can be used across various diagnoses, from orthopedic and neurological conditions to general deconditioning or sports injuries.
Billing correctly for 97110 CPT code hinges on time. The code is considered a "timed code", and therefore follows the 8-minute rule:
And so on.
To qualify, time spent must include only the direct one-on-one time performing therapeutic exercise with the patient. Time not spent in direct contact—such as charting or patient prep—does not count.
Proper documentation is essential for audit-proof billing and maximizing reimbursement. Here's what to include:
Incomplete or vague notes are one of the top reasons for claim denials.
97110 CPT code reimbursement rates vary based on the payer, location, and provider type. Medicare typically reimburses around $30–40 per unit, while private insurers may offer between $35 and $50 per 15-minute unit.
To optimize reimbursement:
Modifiers help clarify the circumstances of a claim and can prevent denials when multiple services are billed on the same day.
Common modifiers used with CPT code 97110 include:
For example, if you're billing 97110 alongside 97530 (therapeutic activities), use modifier 59 if both were provided during separate, non-overlapping portions of the session.
Audits and denials often result from one or more of these missteps.
PtEverywhere is designed specifically to help physical therapy professionals and practice owners simplify and optimize the entire billing process for therapeutic services, including 97110.
✅ Time Tracking: Built-in timers to ensure compliance with the 8-minute rule
✅ Smart Documentation: Structured templates that prompt for all required details
✅ Modifier Suggestions: Automated modifier prompts to reduce claim errors
✅ Real-Time Coding Alerts: Prevents overlapping billing of timed services
✅ Reimbursement Insights: See payer-specific trends to optimize collections
✅ Integrated Workflows: One platform for charting, coding, scheduling, and billing
Using PtEverywhere means less time on admin and more time with patients, all while reducing denials and improving cash flow.
The 97110 CPT code is a cornerstone of outpatient physical therapy billing, but it's also a code that demands precise documentation, accurate timing, and proper use of modifiers. Understanding what is CPT code 97110, how it applies to different treatment scenarios, and the best practices around its use can make a substantial difference in compliance and revenue.
By integrating smart systems like PtEverywhere, practice owners and therapists can confidently manage 97110 billing with less hassle and greater efficiency. Make the most of your expertise and let the software handle the rest.